Genetic verification of conservation measures of the gene pool of the Burzyan population of the dark forest honeybee in the "Bashkir Urals" biosphere reserve, Russia.

The genetic identity of Russian indigenous populations of the dark forest honeybee is gradually being lost due to spontaneous hybridization and gene introgression from other subspecies, which are transferred into the forest and foreststeppe zones for commercial beekeeping. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various conservation and beekeeping practices in the complex biosphere reserve "Bashkir Urals" (the Southern Urals) in conserving the gene pool of the indigenous Burzyan bee population. We discovered that the variant Q of the COI-COII locus of mitochondrial DNA, which dominates in other bee subspecies, is absent in colonies in the remote landscape zones of this reserve.

Effect of Herbicide Glyphosate on Drosophila melanogaster Fertility and Lifespan.

We studied the effect of herbicide glyphosate on fertility and lifespan of D. melanogaster. Wild type flies obtained from the natural population and maintained in the laboratory and flies of the Oregon-R strain were used.

Treatment modalities among US children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: 1995-99.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of single and combination treatment modalities among US children aged 5-18 years who were diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treatments included: (i) stimulant pharmacotherapy alone; (ii) psychotherapy and/or mental health counselling alone; (ii) a combination; or (iv) no treatment. Data from the US National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) for the years 1995-99, were used for this analysis.

Is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder increasing among girls in the US? Trends in diagnosis and the prescribing of stimulants.

Objective: To use a single national data source to discern trends in the prevalence of office-based visits resulting in a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among girls, and trends in the prescribing of stimulant pharmacotherapy (including methylphenidate) for its treatment in the US.

Methods: Data from the US National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were utilised for this analysis. The number and rate of office-based physician visits resulting in a diagnosis of ADHD (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification code 314.

Trends in the rate of depressive illness and use of antidepressant pharmacotherapy by ethnicity/race: an assessment of office-based visits in the United States, 1992-1997.

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine ethnicity/race-specific (white, black, and Hispanic) population-adjusted rates of US office-based physician visits in which a diagnosis of a depressive disorder was recorded or in which a diagnosis of a depressive disorder was recorded and antidepressant pharmacotherapy was prescribed.

Methods: Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 1992 through 1997 were partitioned into three 2-year periods: 1992-1993, 1994-1995, and 1996-1997. For each 2-year period, data from office-based physician visits for patients aged 20 to 79 years were extracted to assess, by ethnicity/race, (1) the number of visits in which a diagnosis of a depressive illness was recorded (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 296.