Association Between Location of Pulmonary Outflow Obstruction and Right Ventricular Size and Function After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Atresia, and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals.

Quantification of right ventricular (RV) size and function after tetralogy of Fallot repair is critical for determining timing of reintervention and outcomes. Tetralogy of Fallot patients with pulmonary atresia and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (TOF/PA/MAPCAs) are a unique group in which the RV is subjected to various loading conditions, allowing for direct comparison. Retrospective evaluation of RV echocardiographic indices in repaired pediatric TOF/PA/MAPCAs patients (2/2002 - 4/2018).

Echocardiographic Predictors of Readiness for Double Switch Operation and Postoperative Ejection Fraction in Patients With Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries Undergoing Left Ventricular Retraining.

Background: In patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA), assessment of readiness for the double switch operation (DSO) after pulmonary arterial band (PAB) placement involves cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mass and cardiac catheterization (catheterization) to assess the ratio of left ventricular to right ventricular pressure (LV:RVp). The aims of this study were to describe the relationships between echocardiographic and catheterization and cMRI measures of readiness for DSO and to develop risk factors for left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after DSO on the basis of echocardiographic measures of ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC).

Methods: Patients with ccTGA undergoing LV retraining at a DSO referral center were reviewed.

A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Using Virtual Reality in Pediatric Pre-intervention Echocardiograms to Decrease Child Anxiety and Fear.

Virtual reality (VR) as a distraction tool decreases anxiety and fear in children undergoing procedures, but its use has not been studied during transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs). We hypothesized that VR in children undergoing pre-intervention TTEs decreases anxiety and fear and increases TTE study comprehensiveness and diagnostic accuracy when compared with standard distractors (television, mobile devices). Patients (6-18 years old) scheduled for pre-intervention TTEs at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital in 2021 and 2022 were prospectively enrolled and randomized to VR and non-VR groups.