Statistics of pathogenic bacteria in the search of host cells.

A crucial phase in the infection process, which remains poorly understood, is the localization of suitable host cells by bacteria. It is often assumed that chemotaxis plays a key role during this phase. Here, we report a quantitative study on how Salmonella Typhimurium search for T84 human colonic epithelial cells.

Modulation of 5-fluorouracil activation of toll-like/MyD88/NF-κB/MAPK pathway by Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 probiotic.

Background And Aim: Chemotherapy drugs that act via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can exacerbate mucosal injury through the production of cytokines. Intestinal mucositis can activate TLR2 and TLR4, resulting in the activation of NF-κB. Intestinal mucositis characterized by intense inflammation is the main side effect associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.

Strain CNCM I-745 Modifies the Mononuclear Phagocytes Response in the Small Intestine of Mice Following Typhimurium Infection.

Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) comprise dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mφs) that play different roles in response to infection. After phagocytosis, DCs expressing CD103 transport from the intestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and induce adaptive immune responses whereas resident Mφs expressing CX3CR1 capture bacteria in the lumen and reside in the (LP) where they induce a local immune response. CX3CR1 Mφs are generated from Ly6C monocytes that enter the colonic mucosa and differentiate locally.

The Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 strain shows protective effects against the B. anthracis LT toxin.

The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) has been prescribed for the prophylaxis and treatment of several infectious diarrheal diseases. Gastrointestinal anthrax causes fatal systemic disease.