The Evaluation of Glyceryl C3-Azolyl-Thiogalactosides as Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 Ligands.

Galectins are a family of galactoside-binding proteins involved in various pathophysiological processes, which makes them attractive targets for drug discovery. The derivatization of d-galactose at C3 and C1 positions has been shown to increase the affinity of synthetic galectin antagonists. In this study, two small libraries of d-galactose derivatives have been designed and synthesized.

Phytochemical -methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide from Brassicaceae: a key to health or a poison for bees?

Intensive agricultural practices impact the health and nutrition of pollinators like honey bees (). Rapeseed ( L.) is widely cultivated, providing diverse nutrients and phytochemicals, including -methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO).

Bacteriophage-related epigenetic natural and non-natural pyrimidine nucleotides and their influence on transcription with T7 RNA polymerase.

DNA modifications on pyrimidine nucleobases play diverse roles in biology such as protection of bacteriophage DNA from enzymatic cleavage, however, their role in the regulation of transcription is underexplored. We have designed and synthesized a series of uracil 2'-deoxyribonucleosides and 5'-O-triphosphates (dNTPs) bearing diverse modifications at position 5 of nucleobase, including natural nucleotides occurring in bacteriophages, α-putrescinylthymine, α-glutaminylthymine, 5-dihydroxypentyluracil, and methylated or non-methylated 5-aminomethyluracil, and non-natural 5-sulfanylmethyl- and 5-cyanomethyluracil. The dNTPs bearing basic substituents were moderate to poor substrates for DNA polymerases, but still useful in primer extension synthesis of modified DNA.

Naphthylated LEGO-lipophosphonoxin antibiotics used as a fluorescent tool for the observation of target membrane perturbations preceding its disruption.

Linker-Evolved-Group-Optimized-Lipophosphonoxins (LEGO-LPPO) are small synthetic modular peptidomimetics with promising antimicrobial activity. The LEGO-LPPO mechanism of antibacterial action has been determined to be the depolarization and disruption of bacterial membranes. Their modular nature is advantageous for fine tuning their biological properties.