What's new about the tumor microenvironment of urothelial carcinoma?

Urothelial carcinoma is a significant global health concern that accounts for a substantial part of cancer diagnoses and deaths worldwide. The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem composed of stromal cells, soluble factors, and altered extracellular matrix, that mutually interact in a highly immunomodulated environment, with a prominent role in tumor development, progression, and treatment resistance. This article reviews the current state of knowledge of the different cell populations that compose the tumor microenvironment of urothelial carcinoma, its main functions, and distinct interactions with other cellular and non-cellular components, molecular alterations and aberrant signaling pathways already identified.

Orthostatic hypotension as an unusual presentation of spinal calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: case report and review of literature.

Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (CPPD), also known as pseudogout, with spinal involvement, is associated with clinical manifestations of acute nerve compression or chronic spinal stenosis. Precipitation of crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in connective tissues can lead to acute inflammatory arthritis, degenerative chronic arthropathies, and radiographic evidence of cartilage calcification. We present a case of an 87-year-old woman, with unstudied chronic polyarthralgia and symptomatic orthostatic hypotension.

A Rare Case of Mediastinal Mass: Thymoma and Thymic Tumor.

Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are rare mediastinal neoplasms arising from thymic epithelial cells, and the presence of synchronous or metachronous primary thymic neoplasms in a single patient is an extremely rare event. Thymoma patients appear to have an inherent predisposition toward developing additional neoplasms. This additionally presents a diagnostic challenge, revealing the importance of multidisciplinary expertise to the management of these patients.

Impact of Immune-Related Adverse Events on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Treated Cancer Patients' Survival: Single Center Experience and Literature Review.

Immune-related adverse events have emerged as a new challenge and its correlation with survival remains unclear. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of irAE on survival outcomes in solid tumor patients receiving ICI treatment. This was a retrospective, single-center study at a university hospital involving patients with malignancy who received immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Best Supportive Care of the Patient with Oesophageal Cancer.

Background: Oesophageal cancer patients have poor survival, and most are unfit for curative or systemic palliative treatment. This article aims to review the best supportive care for oesophageal cancer, focusing on the management of its most frequent or distinctive symptoms and complications.

Methods: Evidence-based review on palliative supportive care of oesophageal cancer, based on Pubmed search for relevant clinical practice guidelines, reviews and original articles, with additional records collected from related articles suggestions, references and societies recommendations.