Generation of human and murine exhausted CD8 T cells in vitro.

T cell exhaustion is a state of dysfunction that can occur due to persistent exposure to antigens, such as in the tumor microenvironment. The progressive loss of effector functions in exhausted T cells can lead to resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell immunotherapies. Improving our understanding of the exhaustion process is thus crucial for optimizing the clinical outcomes of immunotherapy.

A Homozygous ATP2A2 Variant Alters Sarcoendoplasmic Reticulum Ca-ATPase 2 Function in Skeletal Muscle and Causes a Novel Vacuolar Myopathy.

Aims: Sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase 2 (SERCA2), encoded by ATP2A2, is a key protein involved in intracellular Ca homeostasis. The SERCA2a isoform is predominantly expressed in cardiomyocytes and type I myofibres. Variants in this gene are related to Darier disease, an autosomal dominant dermatologic disorder, but have never been linked to myopathy.

Mortality in patients with giant cell arteritis in Spain: results from the ARTESER registry.

Objectives: To compare mortality rates between GCA patients and the general population in Spain, and to identify associated factors influencing mortality.

Methods: ARTESER, a multicenter registry by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology, includes GCA patients from June 2013 to March 2019. Demographic, clinical, imaging, histological and mortality data were collected retrospectively.

Epidemiology of Latent Tuberculosis in Rheumatic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases-Study of 1117 Patients and Descriptive Literature Review.

Patients with rheumatic immune-mediated diseases (rheumatic-IMID) and latent tuberculosis (LTBI) are at an increased risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB); therefore, screening is recommended before starting biological treatment. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to assess the prevalence of LTBI, (ii) to determine the importance of using a booster test in TST-negative patients, (iii) to compare the tuberculin skin test (TST) with the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), (iv) to perform a review of the prevalence of LTBI. A cross-sectional hospital study was performed, including patients diagnosed with rheumatic-IMID who underwent a TST and/or IGRA during the period 2016-2020.

Stroke-bleeding risk score pairings within individuals in the outcomes registry for better informed treatment of atrial fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) registry.

Background: Decisions about stroke prevention strategies in atrial fibrillation (AF) typically balance thromboembolism reduction against increased bleeding from oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC). When determining eligibility for OAC, guidelines recommend calculation of thromboembolic event rates using a validated score such as CHA2DS2-VASc. In contrast, routine calculation of bleeding scores is not recommended, in part because many patient factors associated with an increased risk of bleeding are associated with an even larger increased risk of ischemic stroke.