Back Pain in Outer Space.

Space travel has grown during the past 2 decades, and is expected to surge in the future with the establishment of an American Space Force, businesses specializing in commercial space travel, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration's planned sustained presence on the moon. Accompanying this rise, treating physicians are bracing for a concomitant increase in space-related medical problems, including back pain. Back pain is highly prevalent in astronauts and space travelers, with most cases being transient and self-limiting (space adaptation back pain).

Retinoic Acid Signaling Coordinates Macrophage-Dependent Injury and Repair after AKI.

Retinoic acid (RA) has been used therapeutically to reduce injury and fibrosis in models of AKI, but little is known about the regulation of this pathway and what role it has in regulating injury and repair after AKI. In these studies, we show that RA signaling is activated in mouse and zebrafish models of AKI, and that these responses limit the extent of injury and promote normal repair. These effects were mediated through a novel mechanism by which RA signaling coordinated the dynamic equilibrium of inflammatory M1 spectrum versus alternatively activated M2 spectrum macrophages.

Regorafenib induces rapid and reversible changes in plasma nitric oxide and endothelin-1.

Background: Hypertension is a toxicity of antiangiogenic therapies and a possible biomarker that identifies patients with superior cancer outcomes. Understanding its mechanism will aid in treatment and could lead to the development of other biomarkers for predicting toxicity and anticancer efficacy. Recent evidence implicates nitric oxide (NO) suppression and endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulation as potential mechanisms leading to antiangiogenic therapy-induced hypertension.

Hedgehog-Gli pathway activation during kidney fibrosis.

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates tissue patterning during development, including patterning and growth of limbs and face, but whether Hh signaling plays a role in adult kidney remains undefined. In this study, using a panel of hedgehog-reporter mice, we show that the two Hh ligands (Indian hedgehog and sonic hedgehog ligands) are expressed in tubular epithelial cells. We report that the Hh effectors (Gli1 and Gli2) are expressed exclusively in adjacent platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β-positive interstitial pericytes and perivascular fibroblasts, suggesting a paracrine signaling loop.

[Abdominal TB. Peritonitis due to perforated intestinal TB & upper intestinal fistulas. Surgical treatment].

Nowadays tuberculosis--TB is most popular chronic infections disease in the world. The mortality is high, 3 million approximately death every year in the world. TB affects predominantly the lungs (pulmonary--90%) and exra-pulmonary) skin; bones; joints; urinary tract-UT; gastro intestinal tract-GIT; abdominal TB.