Water intoxication and symptomatic hyponatremia after outpatient surgery.

Unlabelled: Severe hyponatremia is associated with a mortality rate of more than 50%, primarily from cerebral edema and central nervous system dysfunction. Water intoxication is an unusual but potentially lethal cause of perioperative hyponatremia. We report a patient with severe postoperative hyponatremia resulting from excessive perioperative water consumption.

Correlation of a simple direct measurement of muscle pO(2) to a clinical ischemia index and histology in a rat model of chronic severe hindlimb ischemia.

Purpose: The lack of suitable experimental models of chronic severe limb ischemia and deficiencies in the available methods that allow for direct intermittent measurement of regional limb perfusion are obstacles to the evaluation of recently developed molecular strategies to reverse severe limb ischemia. Our aim was to develop a model of clinically relevant severe limb ischemia and correlate a simple direct measurement of muscle pO(2) to a clinical ischemia index, muscle mass, and capillary density.

Methods: Severe hindlimb ischemia was induced in 44 adult rats with ligation of the left common iliac artery, the femoral artery, and their branches.

Therapeutic angiogenesis for critical limb ischemia: invited commentary.

Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease results in tissue ischemia of the legs and is relatively common in the elderly. Clinically, it may be asymptomatic, cause muscle pain during exercise, or progress to a severe degree of ischemia that may result in limb loss. Although bypass surgery and angioplasty have increased the rate of limb salvage in these patients, amputation of the affected limb remains a common outcome for many patients.

Administration of adenoviral vectors induces gangrene in acutely ischemic rat hindlimbs: role of capsid protein-induced inflammation.

Purpose: The initial purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intravascular adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (AdeNOS) on experimental hindlimb ischemia in the rat. Unexpectedly, administration of AdeNOS immediately after induction of acute limb ischemia led to limb gangrene. We subsequently sought to define the molecular mechanisms responsible for this unusual effect and to devise adenoviral gene transfer strategies to prevent the development of gangrene in acutely ischemic limbs.

Exercise-induced hyperemia unmasks regional blood flow deficit in experimental hindlimb ischemia.

Unlabelled: Many experimental models of hindlimb ischemia are characterized by spontaneous and rapid normalization of resting muscle blood flow (BF) rates which complicates the long-term evaluation of angiogenic therapies to reverse limb ischemia. We tested the hypothesis that peroneal nerve stimulation in an ischemic hindlimb would increase the oxygen (O(2)) demand and BF rate, thereby unmasking a severe blood flow deficit that is not apparent at rest.

Methods: Ischemia was induced in adult rats by ligation of the left common iliac, femoral arteries, and their branches.