Effects of short-term exposure to moderate amounts of alcohol on brain volume.

Aim: Although numerous studies have reported that chronic alcohol consumption causes brain volume reduction and cerebrospinal fluid volume increase, few studies have examined the acute effects of alcohol on brain structure. This study aims to investigate the short-term brain volume changes following alcohol administration.

Methods: Moderate doses of alcohol were administered intravenously to 18 healthy volunteers for a total of 90 min to achieve a blood alcohol concentration of 0.

Acetaldehyde-mediated increase in glutamatergic and N-acetylaspartate neurometabolite levels in the midcingulate cortex of ALDH2*1/*2 heterozygous young adults.

Background: To elucidate the neurobiology underlying alcohol's effect on the human brain, we examined the acute effects of moderate alcohol administration on levels of glutamatergic neurometabolites and N-acetylaspartate, an amino acid found in neurons, may reflect disordered neuronal integrity.

Methods: Eighteen healthy Japanese participants (7 males/11 females) aged 20-30 years who were heterozygous for an inactive allele of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH/*1/*2) were included. Participants underwent an intravenous alcohol infusion using the clamp method at a target blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.

Enhanced anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic neuropathic pain and related parvalbumin-positive neurons in male rats.

Anxiety commonly co-occurs with and exacerbates pain, but the interaction between pain progression and anxiety, and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Inhibitory interneurons play a crucial role in maintaining normal central nervous system function and are suggested to be involved in pain-induced anxiety. This study aimed to elucidate the time-dependent effects of neuropathic pain on the developmental anxiety-like behaviors and related inhibitory interneurons; parvalbumin (PV)- and cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive neurons in corticolimbic regions.

Disease Progression Patterns of Brain Morphology in Schizophrenia: More Progressed Stages in Treatment Resistance.

Background And Hypothesis: Given the heterogeneity and possible disease progression in schizophrenia, identifying the neurobiological subtypes and progression patterns in each patient may lead to novel biomarkers. Here, we adopted data-driven machine-learning techniques to identify the progression patterns of brain morphological changes in schizophrenia and investigate the association with treatment resistance.

Study Design: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, we included 177 patients with schizophrenia, characterized by treatment response or resistance, with 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.