A pyritized Ordovician leanchoiliid arthropod.

The "short-great-appendage" arthropods (Megacheira), such as Leanchoilia, have featured heavily in discussions of arthropod evolution, particularly related to the head and its appendages. Megacheirans are subject to competing interpretations, either as a clade or a grade, in the stem group of Euarthropoda or, alternatively, Chelicerata. They are most diverse in Cambrian Burgess-Shale-type deposits, where the family Leanchoiliidae is represented by six genera, characterized by the presence of three distal flagella on the great appendage with a presumed sensory function.

The early Cambrian Kylinxia zhangi and evolution of the arthropod head.

The early Cambrian Kylinxia zhangi occupies a pivotal position in arthropod evolution, branching from the euarthropod stem lineage between radiodonts (Anomalocaris and relatives) and "great-appendage" arthropods. Its combination of appendage and exoskeletal features is viewed as uniquely bridging the morphologies of so-called "lower" and "upper" stem-group euarthropods. Microtomographic study of new specimens of Kylinxia refines and corrects previous interpretation of head structures in this species.

Joint British Societies' position statement on bullying, harassment and discrimination in cardiology.

Inappropriate behaviour is an umbrella term including discrimination, harassment and bullying. This includes both actions and language and can affect any member of the cardiovascular workforce/team. Evidence has suggested that such behaviour is regularly experienced within UK cardiology departments, where inappropriate behaviour may represent longstanding cultural and practice issues within the unit.

Deciphering Black Extrinsic Tooth Stain Composition in Children Using Metaproteomics.

The present study focuses on the use of a metaproteomic approach to analyze Black Extrinsic Tooth Stains, a specific type of pigmented extrinsic substance. Metaproteomics is a powerful emerging technology that successfully enabled human protein and bacterial identification of this specific dental biofilm using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 1600 bacterial proteins were identified in black stain (BS) samples and 2058 proteins in dental plaque (DP) samples, whereas 607 and 582 human proteins were identified in BS and DP samples, respectively.