Idiopathic Osteosclerosis in Orthodontic Patients: A Report of Two Cases.

Idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) is described as a localized radiopacity of unknown etiology. Also known as dense bone islands, enostoses, bone scar, or focal periapical osteopetrosis, it is generally clinically asymptomatic and appears round, elliptical, or irregular in shape on a radiograph. The internal structure is usually homogenous.

Incisor torque expression characteristics in two passive self-ligating brackets placed at different heights. A finite element investigation.

Objective: This study investigated torque expression in maxillary incisors using two passive self-ligating bracket types (Damon Q and Pitts 21) placed at different heights using the Finite element method.

Materials And Methods: Two passive self-ligating brackets, Damon Q (Ormco, USA) and Pitts 21 (OC Orthodontics, USA) were 3D modeled using micro-computed tomography. Damon Q (0.