Sucrose-preferring gut microbes prevent host obesity by producing exopolysaccharides.

Commensal bacteria affect host health by producing various metabolites from dietary carbohydrates via bacterial glycometabolism; however, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we identified Streptococcus salivarius as a unique anti-obesity commensal bacterium. We found that S.

Medium-chain fatty acid receptor GPR84 deficiency leads to metabolic homeostasis dysfunction in mice fed high-fat diet.

Overconsumption of food, especially dietary fat, leads to metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Long-chain fatty acids, such as palmitoleate are recognized as the risk factors for these disorders owing to their high-energy content and lipotoxicity. In contrast, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) metabolic benefits; however, their underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid contributes to improved hepatic lipid metabolism via GPR41.

3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid (HMPA) is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiota through the conversion of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (HMCA), which is a widely distributed hydroxycinnamic acid-derived metabolite found abundantly in plants. Several beneficial effects of HMPA have been suggested, such as antidiabetic properties, anticancer activities, and cognitive function improvement, in animal models and human studies. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the bioaccessibility and bioavailability profile following HMPA intake and the substantial modulation of metabolic homeostasis by HMPA require further elucidation.