Zika virus encephalitis causes transient reduction of functional cortical connectivity.

Significance: Determining the long-term cognitive impact of infections is clinically challenging. Using functional cortical connectivity, we demonstrate that interhemispheric cortical connectivity is decreased in individuals with acute Zika virus (ZIKV) encephalitis. This correlates with decreased presynaptic terminals in the somatosensory cortex.

Pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine administered intravenously and subcutaneously in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenously (IV) and subcutaneously (SC) administered nalbuphine in domestic goats. Nalbuphine hydrochloride was administered at 0.8 mg/kg for both IV and SC routes in six goats with a minimum of 10-day washout period between sample collection phases.

Visual Deprivation during Mouse Critical Period Reorganizes Network-Level Functional Connectivity.

A classic example of experience-dependent plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) shift, in which the responsiveness of neurons in the visual cortex is profoundly altered following monocular deprivation (MD). It has been postulated that OD shifts also modify global neural networks, but such effects have never been demonstrated. Here, we use wide-field fluorescence optical imaging (WFOI) to characterize calcium-based resting-state functional connectivity during acute (3 d) MD in female and male mice with genetically encoded calcium indicators (-GCaMP6f).

Divergent reward cue representations in prefrontal cortex underlie differences in reward motivation between adolescents and adults.

A prevailing view on postnatal brain development is that brain regions gradually acquire adult functions as they mature. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regulates reward learning, motivation, and behavioral inhibition, and undergoes a protracted postnatal maturation. During adolescence, reward-seeking behavior is heightened compared to adulthood - a developmental difference that may be driven by a hypoactive mPFC, with decreased top-down control of impulsive reward-seeking.

Myeloid cell activation during Zika virus encephalitis predicts recovery of functional cortical connectivity.

Neurologic complications of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection across the lifespan have been described during outbreaks in Southeast Asia, South America, and Central America since 2016. In the adult CNS ZIKV tropism for neurons is tightly linked to its effects, with neuronal loss within the hippocampus during acute infection and protracted synapse loss during recovery, which is associated with cognitive deficits. The effects of ZIKV on cortical networks have not been evaluated.