Enhancing low-level tritium detection in environmental waters: assessing the Hidex ULLA liquid scintillation counter.

Tritium (³H) is a vital tracer in isotope hydrology and environmental studies, necessitating accurate and precise low-level detection methods. This study evaluated the performance of the new Hidex ULLA Liquid Scintillation Counter for ultra-low-level tritium assays in environmental water samples. The optimization of instrumental parameters enabled accurate and reproducible H measurements.

Anthraquinone biocolourant dermocybin is metabolized whereas dermorubin is not in in vitro liver fractions and recombinant metabolic enzymes.

Fungal anthraquinones dermocybin and dermorubin are attractive alternatives for synthetic dyes but their metabolism is largely unknown. We conducted a qualitative in vitro study to identify their metabolism using human liver microsomes and cytosol, as well as recombinant human cytochrome P450 (CYP), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. Additionally, liver microsomal and cytosolic fractions from rat, mouse and pig were used.

Evaluation of Lippia scaberrima Sond. and Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R. Dahlgren extracts on human CYP enzymes and gold nanoparticle synthesis: implications for drug metabolism and cytotoxicity.

Background: Metabolism is an important component of the kinetic characteristics of herbal constituents, and it often determines the internal dose and concentration of these effective constituents at the target site. The metabolic profile of plant extracts and pure compounds need to be determined for any possible herb-drug metabolic interactions that might occur.

Methods: Various concentrations of the essential oil of Lippia scaberrima, the ethanolic extract of Lippia scaberrima alone and their combinations with fermented and unfermented Aspalathus linearis extract were used to determine the inhibitory potential on placental, microsomal and recombinant human hepatic Cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Western Diet Decreases Hepatic Drug Metabolism in Male LDLrApoB Mice.

Consumption of a Western diet is an important risk factor for several chronic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its effect on the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in the liver has been studied incompletely. In this study, male LDLrApoB mice were fed with Western diet (WD) or a standard diet for five months to reveal the effects on drug metabolism such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidation and conjugation activities in the liver. Hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, and early fibrosis were observed in WD fed mice, but not in chow diet control mice.

Identification of Gut Microbial Lysine and Histidine Degradation and CYP-Dependent Metabolites as Biomarkers of Fatty Liver Disease.

Numerous studies have described specific metabolites as biomarkers of severe liver diseases, but very few have measured gut microbiota (GM)-produced metabolites in fatty liver disease. We aimed at finding GM signatures and metabolite markers in plasma and feces related to high liver fat content. Based on imaging, we divided study participants into low (<5%, LF, =25) and high (>5%, HF, =39) liver fat groups.