Generation of Tosyl Azide in Continuous Flow Using an Azide Resin, and Telescoping with Diazo Transfer and Rhodium Acetate-Catalyzed O-H Insertion.

Generation of tosyl azide in acetonitrile in flow under water-free conditions using an azide resin and its use in diazo transfer to a series of aryl acetates are described. Successful telescoping with a rhodium acetate-catalyzed O-H insertion has been achieved, thereby transforming the aryl acetate to α-hydroxy ester , a key intermediate in the synthesis of clopidogrel , without requiring isolation or handling of either tosyl azide or α-aryl-α-diazoacetate , or indeed having significant amounts of either present at any point. Significantly, the solution of α-diazo ester was sufficiently clean to progress directly to the rhodium acetate-catalyzed step without any detrimental impact on the efficiency of the O-H insertion.

Schedules for Self-monitoring Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review.

Background: Self-monitoring of blood pressure better predicts prognosis than clinic measurement, is popular with patients, and endorsed in hypertension guidelines. However, there is uncertainty over the optimal self-monitoring schedule. We therefore aimed to determine the optimum schedule to predict future cardiovascular events and determine "true" underlying blood pressure.

Point of Care Echocardiography in an Irish Critical Care Unit.

Aims We sought to evaluate the clinical impact of a 6 month transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) teaching programme in a critical care unit. Methods An observational single centre study. Four critical care doctors, 2 fellows and 2 consultants were trained to use TTE.

Basal Insulin Regimens for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To assess the relative efficacy and safety of basal insulin regimens in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials comparing two or more basal insulin regimens were conducted. The following basal insulin regimens were included: Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (iNPH) (once [od], twice [bid], and four times daily [qid]), insulin detemir (iDet) (od and bid), insulin glargine 100 IU (iGlarg) (od), and insulin degludec (iDegl) (od).

Taming tosyl azide: the development of a scalable continuous diazo transfer process.

Heat and shock sensitive tosyl azide was generated and used on demand in a telescoped diazo transfer process. Small quantities of tosyl azide were accessed in a 'one pot' batch procedure using shelf stable, readily available reagents. For large scale diazo transfer reactions tosyl azide was generated and used in a telescoped flow process, to mitigate the risks associated with handling potentially explosive reagents on scale.