Accounting for genetic effect heterogeneity in fine-mapping and improving power to detect gene-environment interactions with SharePro.

Classical gene-by-environment interaction (GxE) analysis can be used to characterize genetic effect heterogeneity but has a high multiple testing burden in the context of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We adapt a colocalization method, SharePro, to account for effect heterogeneity in fine-mapping and identify candidates for GxE analysis with reduced multiple testing burden. SharePro demonstrates improved power for both fine-mapping and GxE analysis compared to existing methods as well as well-controlled false type I error in simulations.

C-H Activation of Pyridines by Boryl Pincer Complexes: Elucidation of Boryl-Directed C-H Oxidative Addition to Ir and Discovery of Transition Metal-Assisted Reductive Elimination from Boron at Rh.

Experimental and theoretical techniques were used to investigate the mechanism of pyridine C-H activation by diarylboryl/bis(phosphine) PBP pincer complexes of Ir. The critical intermediate (PBP)IrCO () contains a three-coordinate, Ir-bound boron that retains Lewis acidity in the perpendicular direction. Coordination of pyridine to this boron center in leads to fast insertion of Ir into the 2-CH bond of pyridine, providing a different topology of direction than the conventional directed C-H activation where both the directing group coordination and C-H activation happen at the same metal center.

Flash Communication: Rhodium Complexes of Acetamide-Derived PAlP Pincer.

The new alane/bis(phosphine) PAlP pincer-type ligands and have been prepared by protolysis reactions of -(diisopropylphoshino)acetamide with MeAl or EtAl in a 2:1 ratio. Upon reaction with a "RhCl" source and pyridine, gave rise to a (PAlP)RhMe(py) compound (), while led to the analogous hydride complex (PAlP)RhH(py) (), with a migration of the chloride from Rh to Al. and possess the shortest Rh-Al bonds to date.

Modular Ontologies for Genetically Modified People and their Bioethical Implications.

Participants in the long-running bioethical debate over human germline genetic modification (HGGM) tend to imagine future people abstractly and on the basis of conventionalized characteristics familiar from science fiction, such as intelligence, disease resistance and height. In order to distinguish these from scientifically meaningful terms like "phenotype" and "trait," this article proposes the term "persemes" to describe the units of difference for hypothetical people. In the HGGM debate, persemes are frequently conceptualized as similar, modular entities, like building blocks to be assembled into genetically modified people.