Longitudinal study of care needs and behavioural changes in people living with dementia using in-home assessment data.

Background: People living with dementia often experience changes in independence and daily living, affecting their well-being and quality of life. Behavioural changes correlate with cognitive decline, functional impairment, caregiver distress, and care availability.

Methods: We use data from a 3-year prospective observational study of 141 people with dementia at home, using the Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory and cognitive assessments, alongside self-reported and healthcare-related data.

Assessment of sleep patterns in dementia and general population cohorts using passive in-home monitoring technologies.

Background: Nocturnal disturbances are a common symptom experienced by People Living with Dementia (PLWD), and these often present prior to diagnosis. Whilst sleep anomalies have been frequently reported, most studies have been conducted in lab environments, which are expensive, invasive and not natural sleeping environments. In this study, we investigate the use of in-home nocturnal monitoring technologies, which enable passive data collection, at low cost, in real-world environments, and without requiring a change in routine.

Utilizing graph neural networks for adverse health detection and personalized decision making in sensor-based remote monitoring for dementia care.

Background: Sensor-based remote health monitoring is increasingly used to detect adverse health in people living with dementia (PLwD) at home, aiming to prevent hospitalizations and reduce caregiver burden. However, home sensor data is often noisy, overly granular, and suffers from unreliable labeling, data drift and high variability between households. Current anomaly detection methods lack generalizability and personalization, often requiring anomaly-free training data and frequent model updates.

P-tau217 and other blood biomarkers of dementia: variation with time of day.

Plasma biomarkers of dementia, including phosphorylated tau (p-tau217), offer promise as tools for diagnosis, stratification for clinical trials, monitoring disease progression, and assessing the success of interventions in those living with Alzheimer's disease. However, currently, it is unknown whether these dementia biomarker levels vary with the time of day, which could have implications for their clinical value. In two protocols, we studied 38 participants (70.

Quantification of neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein in finger-prick blood.

An accurate diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease and traumatic brain injury is important for prognostication and treatment. Neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are leading biomarkers for neurodegeneration and glial activation that are detectable in blood. Yet, current recommendations require rapid centrifugation and ultra-low temperature storage post-venepuncture.