Conditioning induced placebo-like and nocebo-like effects of thermal discomfort in adults but not in youth.

Introduction: Conditioning can be used to modulate the perception of pain, in the form of placebo and nocebo effects. Previous studies show inconsistent results as to whether adolescents show similar, weaker, or non-significant conditioned placebo and nocebo effects compared to effects found in adults. There are suggestions that such differences (if any) may dependent on the cues used in the thermal conditioning paradigms.

Placebo and nocebo effects in youth: subjective thermal discomfort can be modulated by a conditioning paradigm utilizing mental states of low and high self-efficacy.

Introduction: Conditioning is a key mechanism of placebo and nocebo effects in adults, but little is known about these effects in youth. This study investigated whether personalized verbal cues evoking a sense of high or low self-efficacy can induce conditioned placebo and nocebo effects on subjective discomfort of noxious heat in youth.

Methods: In a structured interview, 26 adolescents (13-18 years) described personal situations in which they experienced a sense of high, low or neutral self-efficacy.

Conditioned Placebo- and Nocebo-Like Effects in Adolescents: The Role of Conscious Awareness, Sensory Discrimination, and Executive Function.

Conditioning is a key mechanism of placebo and nocebo effects in adults. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms of placebo and nocebo effects in youth and how they might be influenced by conscious awareness and cognitive abilities. In this study, the role of conditioning on thermal perception in youth was investigated.

Differences between men and women with nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis: clinical characteristics and treatment effectiveness in a real-life prospective cohort.

Background: Sex differences with regard to clinical manifestations and response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) have been delineated for the radiographic form of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). More limited evidence for a differential effectiveness of treatment in genders exists for the nonradiographic disease state (nr-axSpA). The aim of the study was to compare demographics, clinical parameters, and response to TNFi in women versus men with nr-axSpA.

Synchrotron radiation sources in Brazil.

The development of synchrotron radiation sources in Brazil is described from a brief historical point of view followed by a description of the Sirius project, a new 3 GeV fourth-generation synchrotron light source with 518 m circumference and 0.25 nm.rad emittance, in final construction stage at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory campus, in Campinas.