Utilization of protein, carbohydrate, and fat in fasting and postabsorptive subjects.

Energy expenditure, carbohydrate, protein, fat utilization, as well as metabolic water production were evaluated in ten healthy adult volunteers in fasting and postabsorptive states. The values of the nonprotein respiratory quotient established whether the fasting or postabsorptive relationship was used in the computer program. After ingestion of a 900 kcal mixed meal, significant increases were observed for energy metabolism (P less than 0.

Determination of energy metabolism from respiratory functions alone.

To monitor variations of energy metabolism on-line a system which accurately measures VO2 and VCO2 is described. The calculation of the energy metabolism usually requires knowledge of nitrogen production. This paper presents a formula that allows calculation on-line on the energy metabolism with a maximum relative error of 4% as function of VO2 and VCO2 only.

[Multiple injuries and multiple methods of resuscitation].

The aim of treatment in the trauma patient is the surgical repair of all traumatic lesions in as short a time as possible, using standard techniques and at the same time if possible. Such surgical intervention may rarely be essential for survival (internal haemorrhage, extradural haematoma), but is almost always an essential factor in the functional and aesthetic result obtained. Thus everything should be combined to fulfill this objective.