Hormonal induction and seasonal variation in male reproductive viability of the Southern Rocky Mountain boreal toad.

The Southern Rocky Mountain boreal toad (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) depends on both the rearing of wild-collected egg masses and a long-standing conservation breeding program (CBP), the latter of which heavily relies on assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) to support wild populations. Achieving consistent reproductive success in the CBP, however, remains a significant challenge. Natural breeding has not led to a sustained increase in reproductive capacity, prompting the exploration of exogenous hormone treatments as an alternative strategy.

A U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) overview of Pan American botanicals used in dietary supplements and herbal medicines.

The United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) is a nonprofit, scientific, standard-setting organization, and world leader in establishing quality, purity, and testing standards for medicines, foods, and dietary supplements. USP quality standards are used in more than 140 countries and are legally recognized by more than 40 countries. Currently, there is renewed interest in herbal medicines globally, and health policies are being implemented worldwide for the use of complementary and traditional medicine.

Social and ecological determinants of antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest global health problems for humans, animals, and the environment. Although the association between various factors and AMR is being increasingly researched, the need to understand the contribution of social and ecological determinants, especially in developing nations, remains. This review fills these knowledge gaps by synthesizing existing evidence on the social and ecological determinants of AMR in Africa.

Treatment Targets Should Influence Choice of Infliximab Dose Intensification Strategy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pharmacokinetic Simulation Study.

Background: The optimal infliximab dose intensification strategy to address loss of response associated with subtherapeutic infliximab trough levels remains uncertain, as does whether post-intensification trough and treatment targets should influence this decision.

Objectives: This pharmacokinetic simulation study aimed to identify infliximab dose intensification strategies capable of achieving post-intensification infliximab trough thresholds associated with clinical and objective treatment targets in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Methods: A validated pharmacokinetic infliximab model, applied to 200 simulated patients, identified those with subtherapeutic (< 3.