Computed tomography angiography-based evaluation of great saphenous vein conduit for lower extremity bypass.

Objective: Lower extremity computed tomography angiography (CTA) is frequently used for anatomic assessment of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease. When lower extremity bypass is planned, duplex ultrasound (DUS) is routinely obtained to evaluate the great saphenous vein (GSV) for use as conduit. Although GSV can be visualized on CTA images, diameter assessment is not routinely included in formal study interpretation.

Bilateral complicated crown fractures secondary to chin injury: a case report.

Traumatic injuries to the chin are not uncommon in children. Nevertheless, crown fractures, which are common sequelae to this type of injury, might be overlooked, especially if dental care is not sought immediately after a visit to a non-dental facility. The present case report reviews the delayed diagnosis and treatment outcome of a bilateral posterior complicated crown fracture affecting mandibular second primary molars in a young child.

Conservation of biotrophy in Hygrophoraceae inferred from combined stable isotope and phylogenetic analyses.

The nutritional modes of genera in Hygrophoraceae (Basidiomycota: Agaricales), apart from the ectomycorrhizal Hygrophorus and lichen-forming taxa, are uncertain. New δ(15)N and δ(13)C values were obtained from 15 taxa under Hygrophoraceae collected in central Massachusetts and combined with isotopic datasets from five prior studies including a further 12 species using a data standardization method to allow cross-site comparison. Based on these data, we inferred the probable nutritional modes for species of Hygrophorus, Hygrocybe, Humidicutis, Cuphophyllus and Gliophorus.

Is reduced cell size the mechanism for shrinkage of the adrenal zona reticularis in aging?

In aging humans, corticosteroid production is preserved, or even increased, but there is an unexplained reduction in adrenal androgen secretion that likely has significant health implications. Preliminary analyses on adrenocortical morphology have revealed an age-associated reduction in the thickness of the zona reticularis (ZR), the cortical zone responsible for the majority of DHEA/DHEA sulfate production in the adult human, but no change in the overall thickness of the adrenal cortex. The ZR width could decrease in aging due to loss of ZR cells and/or to shrinkage of ZR cells.