Structural and Molecular Imaging of Aging Brain: A Focus on MR Imaging and PET Modalities.

The process of aging in the brain is reflective of various factors including the environment, lifestyle, genetics, and management of concurrent chronic conditions. Aging in the brain leads to observable structural changes on neuroimaging, such as brain volume reduction, neuronal atrophy, and synaptic loss, which affect higher cognitive functions. Positron emission tomography imaging can help visualize these changes earlier before structural changes even take place and the associated decline in brain function, revealing important insights into how the brain ages and the impact on neural connectivity and cognitive abilities.

Oxygen in the neonatal ICU: a complicated history and where are we now?

Despite major advances in neonatal care, oxygen remains the most commonly used medication in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Supplemental oxygen can be life-saving for term and preterm neonates in the resuscitation period and beyond, however use of oxygen in the neonatal period must be judicious as there can be toxic effects. Newborns experience substantial hemodynamic changes at birth, rapid energy consumption, and decreased antioxidant capacity, which requires a delicate balance of sufficient oxygen while mitigating reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress.

Comparison of Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) and augmented Arogya Laxmi scheme (ALS) in improving maternal and child health outcomes in urban settlements of Hyderabad, South India.

Background: India accounts for the largest number of global neonatal deaths with around 20 per 1000 live births. To improve the utilization of government services for institutional deliveries, Augmented Arogya Laxmi Scheme (ALS) was launched in Telangana state of southern India. This study assessed the effectiveness of the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), which combines cash assistance with delivery and post-delivery care, in comparison to ALS in improving the outcomes related to antenatal, natal, and postnatal care in urban settlements of Hyderabad, Telangana, southern India.

Stage 3 N2 Lung Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Therapeutic Conundrum.

Purpose Of Review: The treatment of stage III N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains debated. There is an absence of a universally agreed definition of resectability for this heterogeneous group and a lack of trial data.

Recent Findings: We reviewed and compared current international guidelines and evidence surrounding management of stage III N2 NSCLC.

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure practices in preterm infants: A survey of neonatal providers.

Background: The standard of care for respiratory support of preterm infants is nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), yet practices are not standardized. Our aim was to survey CPAP practices in infants < 32 weeks gestation among the American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatal-Perinatal section.

Methods: A US, web-based survey inquired about the initiation, management, and discontinuation of CPAP, and chinstrap use and oral feedings on CPAP.