Protein dynamics implications of the low- and high-temperature denaturation of myoglobin.

We reinvestigate a simple model used in the literature concerning the thermodynamic analysis of protein cold denaturation. We derive an exact thermodynamic expression for cold denaturation and give a better approximation than exists in the literature for predicting cold denaturation temperatures in the two-state model. We discuss the "dark-side" implications of this work for previous temperature-dependent protein dynamics experiments and discuss microfluidic experimental technologies, which could explore the thermal stability range of proteins below the bulk freezing point of water.

An organic framework for a philosophical appreciation of chemical phenomena.

The aim of this paper is to show how chemistry gives rise to philosophical reflection. Initially, some general remarks on philosophy and science are offered in the light of recent reductive controversy surrounding them both. An appeal is made for a broader and deeper outlook.

Effect of norepinephrine on intracellular pH in kidney proximal tubule: role of Na+-(HCO-3)n cotransport.

We examined the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on intracellular pH (pHi) and activity of Na+ (aNai) in the isolated perfused kidney proximal tubule of Ambystoma, using single-barreled voltage and ion-selective microelectrodes. In control HCO-3 Ringer, addition of 10(-6) M NE to the bath reversibly depolarized the basolateral membrane potential (V1), the luminal membrane potential (V2), and the transepithelial potential difference (V3) and increased pHi by 0. 14 +/- 0.