Monotherapy or combination therapy of Oleanolic acid? From therapeutic significance and drug delivery to clinical studies: A comprehensive review.

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid molecule widely distributed throughout medicinal plants. This naturally occurring OA has attracted considerable interest due to its wide range of pharmacological characteristics, notably its cytotoxic effects on various human cancer cell lines, making it a potential candidate for extensive therapeutic uses. In vivo studies have shown that OA possesses hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties.

A cheminformatics and network pharmacology approach to elucidate the mechanism of action of γ-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Background: (Mtb) carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are critical enzymes that regulate pH by converting CO to HCO , essential for Mtb's survival in acidic environments. Inhibiting γ-CAs presents a potential target for novel antituberculosis drugs with unique mechanisms of action.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the biological connections underlying Mtb pathogenesis and investigate the mechanistic actions of antituberculosis compounds targeting the Cas9 protein.

Mycobacterial β-carbonic anhydrases: Molecular biology, role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and inhibition studies.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes tuberculosis (TB), is still a major global health problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), TB still causes more deaths worldwide than any other infectious agent. Drug-sensitive TB is treatable using first-line drugs; treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB requires second- and third-line drugs.

Physiological modeling of the metaverse of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-CA inhibition mechanism.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs of humans and accounts for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacteria as the etiologic agent. In this study, we introduce a computational framework designed to identify the important chemical features crucial for the effective inhibition of Mtb β-CAs. Through applying a mechanistic model, we elucidated the essential features pivotal for robust inhibition.