The cortical high-flow sign in oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted is correlated with histological cortical vascular density.

Background And Purpose: The cortical high-flow sign has been more commonly reported in oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted (ODG IDHm-codel) compared to diffuse glioma with IDH-wildtype or astrocytoma, IDH-mutant. Besides tumor types, higher grades of glioma might also contribute to the cortical high flow. Therefore, we investigated whether the histological cortical vascular density or CNS WHO grade was associated with the cortical high-flow sign in patients with ODG IDHm-codel.

Circadian clock gene BMAL1 is involved in transforming growth factor β1-induced fibrotic response in NRK-49F cells.

The transcription factor brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) is a clock protein involved in various diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer. However, BMAL1's involvement in kidney fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, a gap addressed in this study. Analysis through Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining revealed that all groups exposed to unilateral ureteral obstruction showed increased BMAL1 protein expression accompanied by increased TGF-β1 expression and elevated key fibrosis markers, including α-SMA, compared with sham groups.

Arketamine alleviates cognitive impairments and demyelination in mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction via TGF-β1 activation.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is characterized by a decline in cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and executive abilities, following surgery, with no effective therapeutic drugs currently available. Arketamine, the (R)-enantiomer of ketamine, has shown promise in mitigating cognitive deficits in animal models. In this study, we investigated whether arketamine could ameliorate cognitive deficits in a mouse model of POCD, with a focus on the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in its effects.

Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on the gut microbiota and metabolites in the small intestine, cecum, and colon of male rats.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy) is a widely abused recreational drug that has also gained interest for potential clinical applications in mental health. With the growing recognition of gut microbiota's role in mental health, this study examined whether repeated oral MDMA administration could affect gut microbiota in the small intestine, cecum, and colon of male rats. Repeated oral MDMA administration (10 mg/kg/day for 14 days) caused significant changes in the gut microbiota across these regions, with distinct effects observed in each.

Microbiome depletion by broad-spectrum antibiotics does not influence demyelination and remyelination in cuprizone-treated mice.

Demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) is a feature of various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut-brain axis may play a crucial role in CNS demyelination. The cuprizone (CPZ) model, which involves the administration of CPZ-containing food pellets, is commonly used to study the effects of different compounds on CNS demyelination and subsequent remyelination.