Iontophoretic terbinafine HCL 1.0% delivery across porcine and human nails.

Background: Onychomycosis is a common disease. Topical treatment is usually not effective due to limitation of trans-nail delivery of antifungal drugs. Successful treatment of deep-seated nail infections remains elusive as the delivery of efficacious levels of antifungal drug to the site of action is very difficult.

Iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine in onychomycosis: a preliminary study.

Background Onychomycosis is a common disease; topical treatment is usually poorly effective, while systemic treatment is more effective but may be associated with side-effects. Iontophoretic drug delivery may improve drug penetration through the nail and lead to better therapeutic results. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of topical treatments with terbinafine HCl delivered with or without an iontophoretic patch in patients with onychomycosis of the toenails.

Etiology of respiratory tract infection in adults in a general practice setting.

A prospective study was conducted over a 3-month winter period in three general practice clinics in an urban population in southern Israel to identify the etiological agents of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in adults. RTI was defined as an acute febrile illness with cough, coryza, sore throat or hoarseness. Serum samples were taken from all patients in both the acute and convalescent phases of their illness.

Immunocytochemical localization of the renal neutral and basic amino acid transporter in rat adrenal gland, brainstem, and spinal cord.

A neutral and basic amino acid transporter (NBAT) cloned from rat kidney was recently localized to enteroendocrine cells and enteric neurons. We used an antibody directed against a synthetic peptide representing a putative extracellular domain of NBAT to determine whether this transporter was also present in other endocrine and neural tissues, including rat adrenal gland, brainstem, and spinal cord. Abundant, highly granular labeling for NBAT was observed in the cytoplasm of chromaffin and ganglion cells in the adrenal medulla.

Membrane topology of the rat kidney neutral and basic amino acid transporter.

A recently cloned rat kidney protein (NBAT) mediates the sodium-independent transport of neutral as well as basic amino acids and cystine when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The human equivalent of this transporter may be the one that is defective in cystinuria. Immunocytochemical studies have indicated that NBAT is primarily localized in the brush border membranes of rat kidney and intestinal epithelial cells, a localization consistent with its proposed role in amino acid transport.