A review of the literature on the use of ultrasonography in schistosomiasis with special reference to its use in field studies. 1. Schistosoma haematobium.

This review presents an outline of the pathology resulting from Schistosoma haematobium infections, and the ways in which the lesions can be investigated. The use of ultrasonography is covered in detail. Ultrasonography can provide direct information about lesions in internal organs, and thus provide information about patterns of morbidity and about the regression of pathological changes after treatment.

[Value of arthrosonography in the evaluation of exudative and proliferative synovitis].

The characterization of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (proliferative or exsudative synovitis), which is important in deciding between local therapies of arthritis, was examined by arthrosonography, computerized axial tomography and arthroscopy. The arthroscopic examination yields the highest significance in characterizing rheumatoid synovial tissue. Compared to arthroscopy, arthrosonographic diagnosis was correct in 70% of our cases.

Comparison of ultrasonography, intravenous pyelography and cystoscopy in detection of urinary tract lesions due to Schistosoma haematobium.

The use of ultrasound in detecting urinary tract alterations by Schistosoma haematobium such as hydronephrosis and bladder calcifications was studied in 125 patients of the out-patients department of a district hospital in SE Tanzania, in an area highly endemic for this disease. Ultrasound was compared with plain abdominal X-ray (in 33 patients), intravenous pyelography (29), cystoscopy (31) and simple urine examination (125). Except for bladder calcifications which could not be demonstrated other than by X-ray, sonography compared favorably with IVP and cystoscopy and proved therefore to be a valuable tool in assessing S.