Non-cadaveric spine surgery simulator training in neurosurgical residency.

Background: Spine surgical training faces increasing challenges due to restricted working hours and greater sub specialization. Modern simulators offer a promising approach to teaching both simple and complex spinal procedures. This study evaluated the acceptance and efficacy of spine simulator training using a lumbar herniated disc model tested by 16 neurosurgical residents (PGY-1-6), and compared 3D and 2D teaching methods.

Coronary-subclavian steal syndrome: A case series and review of the literature.

Objective: To report a case series of three patients with symptomatic coronary-subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) and to review the literature on published case series.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed three cases of CSSS patients treated with open and endovascular surgery at a single center over a period of three decades (1996-2024). A comprehensive review of case series involving more than three patients was also performed.

A General Framework for the Multiple Nonparametric Behrens-Fisher Problem With Dependent Replicates.

In many trials and experiments, subjects are not only observed once but multiple times, resulting in a cluster of possibly correlated observations (e.g., brain regions per patient).

An Algorithm for the Microsurgical Resection of Cerebellar Cavernomas.

Background And Objectives: Cavernous malformations (CMs) account for 8% to 15% of all cerebrovascular anomalies and pose clinical significance due to their potential to cause symptomatic hemorrhage, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. While the majority of CMs are located supratentorial, the less common posterior fossa, particularly cerebellar CMs (cCMs), pose a unique treatment challenge. This study aims to contribute to the understanding and management of cerebellar CMs, thereby assisting in the decision-making process for clinical interventions in this patient population.

Energy and endoplasmic reticulum stress induction by gold(III) dithiocarbamate and 2-deoxyglucose synergistically trigger cell death in breast cancer.

The elusiveness of triple-negative breast cancer from targeted therapy has redirected focus toward exploiting the metabolic shortcomings of these highly metastatic subtypes of breast cancer. Cueing from the metabolic heterogeneity of TNBC and the exposition of the dual dependence of some TNBCs on OXPHOS and glycolysis for ATP, we herein report the efficacy of cotreatment of TNBCs with an OXPHOS inhibitor, 2a and 2DG, a potent glycolysis inhibitor. 2a-2DG cotreatment inhibited TNBC cell proliferation with IC of ∼5 to 36 times lower than that of 2a alone and over 5000 times lower than IC of 2DG alone.