Antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin-2 improves cellular viability and reduces pro-inflammatory effects induced by enteroinvasive in Caco-2 cells by inhibiting invasion and virulence factors' expression.

is one of the commensal species most represented in the intestinal microbiota. However, there are some strains that can acquire new virulence factors that enable them to adapt to new intestinal niches. These include enteroinvasive (EIEC) that is responsible for the bacillary dysentery that causes severe diarrheal symptoms in both children and adults.

Dental unit water content and antibiotic resistance of and species: a case study.

Background: Many studies consider the contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs), but few of them have studied the possible presence of antibiotic resistant in the DUWLs.

Aims: Investigation of the presence of and spp. strains in DUWLs and evaluation of their resistance to six antibiotics (ceftazidime, netilmicin, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, levofloxacin, colistin sulfate) at a public dental clinic in Milan, Italy.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of radioactive thermal water.

Objective: Most of the infections of the upper respiratory tract are caused by biofilm-forming microorganisms belonging to the Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterobacter genus. Many of these microorganisms also show antibiotic resistance, partly related to biofilm formation. The treatment of these affections may include inhalation of radioactive thermal water (RTW).

Can growth be modulated by natural compounds?

is an opportunistic human pathogen that frequently induces antibiotic resistance, as it mainly tends to form biofilms. Iron chelation may be an intriguing strategy to contrast bacterial growth. Lactoferrin is a natural compound able to chelate iron.