Gallstone ileus is a rare (1%-4%) complication of gallstone disease. Gallstones entering the gastrointestinal tract by penetration may cause obstruction at any point along their course through the tract; however, they have a predilection to obstruct the smaller-caliber lumen of the small intestine (80.1%) or stomach (14.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe advent of fiberoptic endoscopy with biopsy has revolutionized procurement of specimens from deep sites. This has translated into more cytologic specimens whereby the material is limited and best handled by cytology laboratory staff. While the diagnosis of the pathologic process is of utmost importance, there is increasing expectation that the diagnosis be specific and accurate as not to require additional biopsy for initiation of treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Some patients need their 4 generation HIV testing results confirmed with molecular testing after primary confirmatory testing which may not be immediately available. Further risk stratification of these patients pending the results of molecular testing may be of value not only for patient counseling but also for treatment of women in labor.
Objectives: To determine the risk of a positive test result on molecular testing for these patients.