An Ultrasonic Adaptive Beamforming Method and Its Application for Trans-Skull Imaging of Certain Types of Head Injuries; Part II: Reception Mode and Adaptive Imaging.

Objective: Background theory and a new algorithm for single-point adaptive focusing in transmission mode through ultrasonic barriers via one-dimensional phased arrays were reported in part I. In this paper the algorithm is further extended and implemented into a full adaptive beamforming process, including complete transmission and reception modes.

Methods: Corrected time delay patterns, adapted to the local acoustical and geometrical properties of the barrier, are calculated and applied in both modes.

Dependency of hydration and growth conditions on the mechanical properties of oral biofilms.

Within the oral cavity, dental biofilms experience dynamic environments, in part due to changes in dietary content, frequency of intake and health conditions. This can impact bacterial diversity and morpho-mechanical properties. While phenotypic properties of oral biofilms are closely related to their composition, these can readily change according to dynamic variations in the growth environment and nutrient availability.

Using machine learning to automate ultrasound-based classification of butt-fused joints in medium-density polyethylene gas pipes.

Polyethylene (PE) pipes are widely used in gas distribution. Their joints are prone to various flaws and are the most problematic part of the pipeline, so the infrastructure industry requires an effective inspection technique. Butt-fusion (BF) is the most common method of joining PE pipes.

High-resolution quantitative acoustic microscopy of cutaneous carcinoma and melanoma: Comparison with histology.

Background: The increased incidence rate of skin cancers during the last decades is alarming. One of the significant difficulties in the histopathology of skin cancers is appearance variability due to the heterogeneity of diseases or tissue preparation and staining process. This study aims to investigate whether the high-resolution acoustic microscopy has the potential for identifying and quantitatively classifying skin cancers.

Investigation of a correlation between taxane-based chemotherapy and the ultrasonic time-of-flight of human fingernails.

Background: Medical practitioners have long associated the physical appearance of human fingernails with certain underlying health conditions due to their direct connection to the vascular system. The objective of this study was to demonstrate how human fingernails can potentially be used as a biomarker to determine the severity of a patient's reaction to chemotherapy.

Methods: Quantitative investigation of fingernails in patients undergoing taxane-based chemotherapy was conducted using a high-frequency 50 MHz ultrasound device in B-mode in the form of a pilot study.