HIV-1 subtypes in Denmark.

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of non-subtype B HIV-1 in Denmark. The C2-V3-C3 region of the env gene from proviral DNA obtained from patients suspected of being infected with non-subtype B virus was PCR-amplified and directly sequenced. The DNA sequences were aligned with full-length HIV-1 reference strains from each subtype and analysed using the phylogenetic package PHYLIP 3.

Molecular investigation of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a criminal case.

Very few criminal cases involving human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission have been described. We report on an HIV-1 transmission case with a child being infected by an HIV-1-positive man. The objective was to determine through molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analyses whether HIV-1 from the HIV-1-positive man could be the source of infection in the HIV-1-positive child, as claimed by the authorities.

Subtype-specific problems with qualitative Amplicor HIV-1 DNA PCR test.

Background: commercial HIV-1 qualitative DNA PCR tests have the potential to detect virus in patients in whom antibody tests may be ineffective, such as patients with primary HIV infection and infants born to HIV seropositive mothers. However, the genetic diversity of HIV-1 raises concern about the ability of the PCR tests to detect all current subtypes.

Objectives: to asses the sensitivity of the Amplicor HIV-1 test on 126 whole-blood samples representing seven different subtypes and to investigate the sensitivity when the standard assay was modified by including the primer pair SK145 and SKCC1B.

No association of HIV-1 envelope (C2-V3-C3) sequence pattern with long-term nonprogression.

We previously identified a group of 10 long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) with HIV-1 infection. In this study, we have sequenced the envelope gene (C2-V3-C3) from the 10 LTNPs and from a control group of 9 people with rapidly progressing infection (RPI). The 19 individuals' CCR5 genotype and virus phenotype (i.

Nosocomial HIV-transmission in an outpatient clinic detected by epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses.

Objective: To determine if a case of HIV-infection in a patient (GP) with common variable immunodeficiency, and with no known risk factors for HIV-infection, could be due to horizontal nosocomial transmission.

Methods: For determination of time of transmission stored serum-samples from GP were analysed for HIV RNA content. Patient records were used to identify patients, who had received intravenous therapy on the same day as GP.