Development of hypertension in rats during chronic exposure to cold.

Resting systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures (MBP), as well as heart rates, of unanesthetized, unrestrained, cold-acclimated (CA, 4 wk, 6 degrees C) rats were measured by direct arterial cannula and compared with those of controls maintained at 25 degrees C. Exposure to cold increased all these measurements significantly. Mean heart weight of CA rats was also increased significantly above that of controls.

Cephalic reflexes: their role in digestion and possible roles in absorption and metabolism.

Stimulation of the oral cavity immediately elicits salivation, gastric acid secretion and pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretions that serve to prepare the alimentary canal for digestion, transport and utilization of ingested nutrients. Oropharyngeal-stimulated responses are reliably initiated by the taste and smell of food. These gastrointestinal reflexes, often referred to as anticipatory or cephalic phase responses, are mediated by the autonomic nervous system and are believed to be independent of the postabsorptive effects of ingested nutrients.

Effects of dietary salt, fat, and carbohydrate on fluid and salt consumption of rats.

Studies were conducted to investigate the influence of dietary sodium chloride (NaCl), fat, and carbohydrate on NaCl preferences of rats. Both long-term (48 hr) and short-term (20 min) two-bottle preference tests were used. Rats were fed either a basal salt (1.