Iodine Deficiency Exacerbates Thyroidal and Neurological Effects of Developmental Perchlorate Exposure in the Neonatal and Adult Rat.

Thyroid hormones (THs) require iodine for biosynthesis and play critical roles in brain development. Perchlorate is an environmental contaminant that reduces serum THs by blocking the uptake of iodine from the blood to the thyroid gland. Using a pregnant rodent model, we examined the impact of maternal exposure to perchlorate under conditions of dietary iodine deficiency (ID) on the brain and behavior of offspring.

HIV-SEQ Reveals Global Host Gene Expression Differences Between HIV-Transcribing Cells from Viremic and Suppressed People with HIV.

"Active" reservoir cells transcribing HIV can perpetuate chronic inflammation in virally suppressed people with HIV (PWH) and likely contribute to viral rebound after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption, so they represent an important target for new therapies. These cells, however, are difficult to study using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) due to their low frequency and low levels of HIV transcripts, which are usually not polyadenylated. Here, we developed "HIV-seq" to enable more efficient capture of HIV transcripts - including non-polyadenylated ones - for scRNA-seq analysis of cells from PWH.

Identifying the Brain Circuits that Regulate Pain-Induced Sleep Disturbances.

Unlabelled: Pain therapies that alleviate both pain and sleep disturbances may be the most effective for pain relief, as both chronic pain and sleep loss render the opioidergic system, targeted by opioids, less sensitive and effective for analgesia. Therefore, we first studied the link between sleep disturbances and the activation of nociceptors in two acute pain models. Activation of nociceptors in both acute inflammatory (AIP) and opto-pain models led to sleep loss, decreased sleep spindle density, and increased sleep fragmentation that lasted 3 to 6 hours.

Anticancer therapeutic effect of magnetic guided cobalt ferrite/doxorubicin-loaded ROS-responsive bilirubin nanoparticles in a colon cancer model.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to synthesize the cobalt iron oxide (CoFe) and doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded chitosan bilirubin (ChiBil) nanoparticles and to investigate the anticancer therapeutic effect of the synthesized nanoparticles under magnetic guidance in a colon cancer.

Materials And Methods: ChiBil-CoFe-Dox nanoparticles were synthesized by conjugating CoFe and Dox and then loaded onto ChiBil nanoparticles. Synthesis were characterized using thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, inductive coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential and field emission-transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM).

Critical comparison of BMD and TD methods for the calculation of acceptable intakes for N-nitroso compounds.

The tumorigenic dose 50 (TD) is a widely used measure of carcinogenic potency which has historically been used to determine acceptable intake limits for carcinogenic compounds. Although broadly used, the TD model was not designed to account for important biological factors such as DNA repair and cell compensatory mechanisms, changes in absorption, etc., leading to the development of benchmark dose (BMD) approaches, which use more flexible dose-response models that are better able to account for these processes.