Review of Intranasal Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Delivery Systems.

In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in the development of intranasal delivery systems for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) not only for treating local nasal diseases but also for treating systemic diseases, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and vaccine delivery. The nasal cavity possesses a unique set of anatomical characteristics for delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients, but there are several limitations that recent research in the field of the intranasal administration of APIs aims to overcome. For the effective delivery of nasal preparations, active pharmaceutical ingredients are incorporated into various micro- and nanosystems.

Spatial distribution of elements, environmental effects, and economic potential of waste from the Aksu ferroalloy plant [Kazakhstan].

The utilization or secondary use of technogenic waste is a relevant problem for the current economy. To assess the environmental influence and economic potential, it is necessary to study the elemental content of technogenic objects and to reveal the tendencies of the spatial distribution of elements, components, and indices such as the pollution coefficient. In this study, we performed elemental analysis, and calculation of indicators: average gross content, hazard quotients, concentration coefficients of metals, and total pollution coefficients of ground samples taken from the ash-slag storage of the Aksu ferroalloy plant [Aksu, Pavlodar region, Kazakhstan].

Cardiac Surgery 2020 Reviewed.

In 2020, nearly 30,000 published references appeared in the PubMed for the search term "cardiac surgery." While SARS-CoV-2 affected the number of surgical procedures, it did not affect outcomes reporting. Using the PRISMA approach, we selected relevant publications and prepared a results-oriented summary.

Cardiac Surgery 2019 Reviewed.

For the year 2019, almost 25,000 published references can be found in PubMed when entering the search term "cardiac surgery." We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach for article selection and reviewed the main fields of adult cardiac surgery (i.e.

Modelling of hollow fiber membrane bioreactor for mammalian cell cultivation using computational hydrodynamics.

The hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (HFMB) has been investigated for the cultivation of mammalian Chinese hamster ovary cell expansion. The experiments were carried out in Petri's dishes and in the hollow fiber membrane bioreactor having 20 fibers (S2025 from FiberCell Systems). The approach to HFMB modelling which combines the model of cell growth kinetics and hydrodynamics has been proposed.