Maternal Health Disparities in Acute Care Rehabilitation.

Patients with a high-risk pregnancy or who immediately give birth are often not provided access to acute care occupational and physical therapy during their hospital admission. The greatest potential for health care crises, including maternal mortality, occurs during the first 6 weeks after birth. Maternal mortality and morbidity, which continue to rise in the United States, are considered indicators of the overall population health of a country.

Introducing the UK Antimicrobial Registry (UKAR) study: providing real world data on new antimicrobials to support antimicrobial stewardship and tackle antimicrobial resistance.

The UK Antimicrobial Registry (UKAR) has been developed to capture data on real world usage of antimicrobial agents with an initial focus on those used to treat drug-resistant infections. Several industry partners have committed support for the study, which is included in the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) portfolio in England with similar arrangements in the three devolved UK nations. The two antimicrobials in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) subscription model pilot (cefiderocol and ceftazidime/avibactam) are included in the UKAR and future expansion of work in this area is planned.

Vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and immunosuppression are distinct potency mechanisms of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are investigated as cellular therapeutics for inflammatory bowel diseases and associated perianal fistula, although consistent efficacy remains a concern. Determining host factors that modulate MSCs' potency including their secretion of angiogenic and wound-healing factors, immunosuppression, and anti-inflammatory properties are important determinants of their functionality. We investigated the mechanisms that regulate the secretion of angiogenic and wound-healing factors and immune suppression of human bone marrow MSCs.

A Path to Simpler Models Starts With Noise.

The Rashomon set is the set of models that perform approximately equally well on a given dataset, and the Rashomon ratio is the fraction of all models in a given hypothesis space that are in the Rashomon set. Rashomon ratios are often large for tabular datasets in criminal justice, healthcare, lending, education, and in other areas, which has practical implications about whether simpler models can attain the same level of accuracy as more complex models. An open question is why Rashomon ratios often tend to be large.

Effects of Augmented Reality on Thoracolumbar Pedicle Screw Instrumentation Across Different Levels of Surgical Experience.

Objective: Augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology that may accelerate skill acquisition and improve accuracy of thoracolumbar pedicle screw placements. We aimed to quantify the relative assistance of AR compared with freehand (FH) pedicle screw accuracy across different surgical experience levels.

Methods: A spine fellowship-trained and board-certified attending neurosurgeon, postgraduate year 4 neurosurgery resident, and second-year medical student placed 32 FH and 32 AR-assisted thoracolumbar pedicle screws in 3 cadavers.