Blastocystis hominis -associated Acute Appendicular Peritonitis in a 9-Year-old Boy: A Case Report and a Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Although Blastocystis sp. has been classically considered a commensal parasite with limited pathogenicity, recent studies suggest that its pathogenic potential is high. We report the case of a 9-year-old Spanish male who presented with peritonitis secondary to acute appendicitis with abundant intra-abdominal turbid-free fluid.

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Mucociliary Clearance, and Bronchiectasis.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental and ubiquitous, but only a few species are associated with disease, often presented as nodular/bronchiectatic or cavitary pulmonary forms. Bronchiectasis, airways dilatations characterized by chronic productive cough, is the main presentation of NTM pulmonary disease. The current Cole's vicious circle model for bronchiectasis proposes that it progresses from a damaging insult, such as pneumonia, that affects the respiratory epithelium and compromises mucociliary clearance mechanisms, allowing microorganisms to colonize the airways.

Formation of colonies in cellular culture in an infection model.

is one of the most important nontuberculous mycobacteria that cause lung diseases. infection models developed to analyze the immune response are frequently based on the addition of mycobacteria to mononuclear cells or neutrophils from peripheral blood. An important requirement of these assays is that most cells phagocytose mycobacteria, only accomplished by using large multiplicities of infection (1 or more bacteria per cell) which may not adequately reflect the inhalation of a few mycobacteria by the host.

A rapid proteomic system (MALDI-TOF) for nontuberculous-mycobacteria identification.

Proteomic techniques relaying upon mass spectrometry (MALDI_TOF) applied to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) identification, constitute a difficult goal. Cell wall structure features complicates the protein extraction procedure. A total of 106 isolates belonging to a variety of MNTs species isolated from clinical samples taken at the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León for a two years period (2019-20) were identified following a simplified method (MALDI-TOF Biotyper Bruker®) developped in our laboratory.

Mycobacterium avium complex infected cells promote growth of the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Bronchiectasis is considered a consequence of the neutrophilic inflammatory response to infection. Mycobacterial infections, mainly from the Mycobacterium avium complex and M. abscessus, have been inextricably linked to bronchiectasis development.