Essential oil of Lippia origanoides as an anesthetic for Piaractus mesopotamicus: implications for induction and recovery times, ventilatory frequency and blood responses after biometric management.

This study evaluated the use of the essential oil of Lippia origanoides (EOLO) as an anesthetic for juvenile pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Two experiments were performed. In Experiment I, anesthetic induction and recovery times and ventilatory frequency (VF) were determined for fish (n= 48; 29.

Nitric oxide-signalling affects panic-like defensive behaviour and defensive antinociception neuromodulation in the prelimbic cerebral cortex.

Rationale: The prelimbic division (PrL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key structure in panic.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in defensive behaviour and antinociception.

Methods: Either Nω-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA) or Carboxy-PTIO was microinjected in the PrL cortex, followed by hypothalamic treatment with bicuculline.

Brycon hilarii produced in hapas: effects in allometric growth.

Biometric evaluations are essential to determine the growth characteristics related to the weight and length of fish. This study aimed to determine the growth patterns of juvenile piraputangas (Brycon hilarii) produced in hapas within an excavated pond. The piraputangas were anesthetized and micro-chipped and their biometric characteristics were measured.

Mygalin, an Acanthoscurria gomesiana spider-derived synthetic, modulates haloperidol-induced cataleptic state in mice.

Background: Haloperidol (HAL) is an antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, adverse effects are observed in the extrapyramidal tracts due to its systemic action. Natural compounds are among the treatment alternatives widely available in Brazilian biodiversity.