The changing model of insulin use in type 2 diabetes. Techniques, tactics for getting to goal.

Type 2 diabetes is by far the predominant type of diabetes in the United States. Lifestyle changes can be effective in controlling blood glucose levels in many patients with early type 2 diabetes. However, as the disease evolves and slowly progresses, its successful treatment can move beyond diet and exercise to oral antidiabetic agents and later to the addition of insulin to oral therapy.

Epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis mansoni in communities living on the Cuando River floodplain of East Caprivi, Namibia.

The Cuando River area of eastern Caprivi, Namibia, is highly endemic for Schistosoma mansoni whereas S. haematobium transmission, due to the scarcity of its intermediate host snail, Bulinus africanus, does not occur. Chemotherapy (6-monthly blanket treatments with praziquantel) combined with focal mollusciciding (monthly application of niclosamide) was used in a project in the area to control the disease.

Transfer of DDT used in malaria control to infants via breast milk.

The transfer of p,p'-DDT (1,1,1-tricholoro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane) and its metabolites to infants via breast-feeding was studied in an area of KwaZulu, South Africa, where DDT is used to interrupt malaria transmission. Samples of whole blood were collected from 23 infants, together with samples of breast milk from their respective mothers. The mean sigma DDT (total DDT) in the whole blood was 127.