Early detection and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in infants with Down syndrome: a prospective, non-randomised, controlled, interventional study.

Background: Infants with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) which is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction and behaviour problems. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of early OSA treatment in infants with DS on neurocognitive development and behaviour.

Methods: In this prospective, interventional, non-randomised study, 40 infants with DS underwent polysomnography (PSG) every 6 months in room air between 6 and 36 months of age () and were compared to a control group of 40 infants with DS receiving standard of care and a single, systematic PSG in room air at 36 months of age ().

Lingual Tonsillectomy as Part of a DISE-Directed Multilevel Upper Airway Surgery to Treat Complex Pediatric OSA: A Safe and Appropriate Procedure.

Objective: To study the efficiency of lingual tonsillectomy (LT) as part of multilevel surgery in children with complex obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). To evaluate the safety and the outcomes of LT.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Pediatric intracranial empyema complicating otogenic and sinogenic infection.

Objective: To describe and compare clinical and microbiological features, surgical and medical management, and outcomes of children with otogenic and sinogenic intracranial empyema (IE) in an institution with an established multidisciplinary protocol. To use the study findings to inform and update the institutional algorithm.

Methods: Retrospective analysis was carried out on the electronic healthcare records of all children with oto-sinogenic IE admitted in a 5-year period.