Telemedicine in emergency evaluation of acute stroke: interrater agreement in remote video examination with a novel multimedia system.

Background And Purpose: In acute stroke care, rapid but careful evaluation of patients is mandatory but requires an experienced stroke neurologist. Telemedicine offers the possibility of bringing such expertise quickly to more patients. This study tested for the first time whether remote video examination is feasible and reliable when applied in emergency stroke care using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).

Ductal invasive G2 and G3 carcinomas of the breast are the end stages of at least two different lines of genetic evolution.

Ductal invasive grade (G) 2 and G3 carcinomas represent the majority of invasive breast cancers. Previous morphological and cytogenetic studies have provided evidence that ductal invasive G2 carcinoma may originate from at least two different genetic pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate further the heterogeneity of G2 breast cancer in comparison with G3 cancers by cytogenetic and quantitative analysis.

Correlation of morphologic and cytogenetic parameters of genetic instability with chromosomal alterations in in situ carcinomas of the breast.

Classification of preinvasive breast disease could be better founded using biologic markers, thereby increasing reproducibility. We studied 57 breast ductal and lobular in situ carcinomas by means of comparative genomic hybridization and correlated these findings with quantitative features such as the mean nuclear area, mitotic index (MI), apoptotic index (AI), and the presence or absence of necrosis. Loss of 8p and gains of 8q and 6q were associated, respectively, with a significantly higher MI and AI, whereas loss of 16q was associated with a lower MI and AI.

Genetic relation of lobular carcinoma in situ, ductal carcinoma in situ, and associated invasive carcinoma of the breast.

Aims: The mutual relation of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, as accepted precursor lesions of invasive breast cancer, is controversial. Because they display genetic heterogeneity, it is not clear how genetically advanced these entities are and what causes the transition to an invasive carcinoma.

Methods: Six cases of LCIS, four of them with associated lobular invasive carcinoma, four cases of intermediately differentiated DCIS with an associated invasive lobular carcinoma, and nine cases of intermediately and poorly differentiated DCIS with associated ductal invasive carcinoma were investigated by means of comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) after microdissection and immunohistochemical staining of E-cadherin.