Seeing the World Through "Pink-Colored Glasses": The Link Between Optimism and Pink.

This study investigated optimism, which is considered a personality trait, from the grounded cognition perspective. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the association between pink and optimism. In Experiment 1A, 22 undergraduates (10 females; M  = 23.

Measuring eating disorders in men: development of the eating disorder assessment for men (EDAM).

In a thorough review of literature of eating disorders in men, it is consistently shown that symptom presentation varies greatly by gender. However, almost all eating disorder instruments have been developed and validated on females. These critical differences between men and women in symptom presentation provoke the necessity to develop a male specific eating disorder assessment tool.

A clinical comparison of men and women on the eating disorder inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the eating disorder assessment for men (EDAM).

This study focused on the most commonly used eating disorder assessment tool, the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3), and the preliminary Eating Disorder Assessment for Men (EDAM). These assessment tools were examined to investigate predictability in males and the extent they differentiated between men and women. Specific scales of the EDI-3 and total scores for each instrument were assessed using a sample of 108 males and females from residential treatment facilities.

Eating disorders in men: underdiagnosed, undertreated, and misunderstood.

This article provides a survey of eating disorders in men, highlights the dramatic rise in eating disorders, identifies issues specific to males, and suggests areas for research and intervention. This survey concludes that men with eating disorders are currently under-diagnosed, undertreated, and misunderstood by many clinicians who encounter them. Ongoing research addressing these issues is expected to result in assessment tools and treatment interventions that will advance positive outcomes for men with eating disorders.

Ten ways for a self-help group to fail.

The importance of self-help groups as a competence-enhancing community resource is described--with the reservation that many developing groups are destined for failure due to their organizers' inexperience or lack of commitment. Ten effective techniques of group failure are presented to assist such groups in overcoming even the remote chance of success.