Prevalence and Distribution of Common Barberry, the Alternate Host of Puccinia graminis, in Minnesota.

A federal and state program operated from 1918 until the 1980s to eradicate common barberry (Berberis vulgaris), the alternate host of Puccinia graminis, from the major areas of cereal production in the United States. Over 500 million bushes were destroyed nationally during the program, approximately 1 million in Minnesota. Some sites in Minnesota where barberry bushes were destroyed remained in the "active" class when eradication was phased out in the 1980s.

Sensitive period in stereopsis: random dot stereopsis after long-standing strabismus.

Bifoveal fixation is a requirement for random dot stereopsis. It is believed that random dot stereopsis is not possible after treatment of long-standing strabismus because binocular cortical cells are permanently damaged when strabismus is present during the sensitive period. Although the sensitive period for amblyopia has been clearly documented, the sensitive period for stereopsis is uncertain.

The interface of education, psychological and visual services in pediatric optometry.

Optometrists cannot effectively serve children with learning problems in isolation. Through integrated input from multidisciplinary sources, the optometrist can develop an appropriate vision care program for these children.