Different Teams, Same Conclusions? A Systematic Review of Existing Clinical Guidelines for the Assessment and Treatment of Tinnitus in Adults.

Though clinical guidelines for assessment and treatment of chronic subjective tinnitus do exist, a comprehensive review of those guidelines has not been performed. The objective of this review was to identify current clinical guidelines, and compare their recommendations for the assessment and treatment of subjective tinnitus in adults. We systematically searched a range of sources for clinical guidelines (as defined by the Institute of Medicine, United States) for the assessment and/or treatment of subjective tinnitus in adults.

Public beliefs on antibiotics and respiratory tract infections: an internet-based questionnaire study.

Background: Patient expectations are among the strongest predictors of clinicians' antibiotic prescribing decisions. Although public knowledge, beliefs, and experiences of antibiotics contribute to these expectations, little is known about these public views.

Aim: To gain insight into public knowledge, beliefs, and experiences of antibiotics and respiratory tract infections.

[Rumblings, resistances, rebellions: the implementation of censuses in colonial India (eighteenth to twentieth centuries)].

"The author examines how the population of colonial India reacted to enumeration practices developed by the British for fiscal and demographic purposes. Three types of reactions predominated during this period: rumblings, resistance--either spontaneous (primarily among the Santhal tribes) or politically organized, sparked by the nationalist movement of the 1920s and 1930s--and violent revolts, especially among the tribal Bhil in western India. It is interesting to relate such reactions, which often intermingled, to the building of a modern colonial state.

A 7-year follow-up of newborns vaccinated against hepatitis B.

Of 79 children born to asymptomatic HBsAg chronic carrier mothers and vaccinated at birth against hepatitis B, a total of 71, 66 and 56 could be serologically assessed after 1, 5 and 7 years, respectively. Anti-HBs titres (geometric means) of responders decreased from 2475 to 143 IU l-1 between 1 and 5 years of age and dropped to 82 IU l-1 by 7 years. At this time, a booster dose given to 34 children who showed anti-HBs titres lower or slightly higher than 100 IU l-1 significantly increased titres from 34 to 2985 IU l-1 (p < 0.

Intradermal and intramuscular route for vaccination against hepatitis B.

A recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was administered to high-risk hospital personnel by intramuscular (20 micrograms) or intradermal (2 micrograms) injections for the primary immunization (n = 69) with three doses and booster immunization (n = 51) with one dose. Basic vaccination performed intramuscularly gave rise to significantly higher seroconversion levels (97.2% versus 78.