Association of the glucose patterns after a single nonstandardized meal with the habitual diet composition and features of the daily glucose profile in individuals without diabetes.

Background: The postprandial glucose response (PPGR), contributing to the glycemic variability (GV), is positively associated with cardiovascular disease risk in people without diabetes, and can thus represent a target for cardiometabolic prevention strategies.

Objectives: The study aimed to distinguish patterns of PPGR after a single nonstandardized meal and to evaluate their relationship with the habitual diet and the daily glucose profile (DGP) in individuals at high-cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: Baseline 4-d continuous glucose monitoring was performed in 159 adults recruited in the MEDGI-Carb trial.

Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites are altered and associated with dietary intake in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Disturbances in the gut microbiota may act as mechanisms influencing the interplay between dietary factors and metabolic disorders. Studies have demonstrated that these alterations are associated with the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Within this context, we aimed to investigate associations between gut microbiota, gut-derived metabolites (short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs] and indole-3-propionic acid [IPA]), and dietary intake in women with PCOS.

Postprandial Effects of Four Test Meals Containing Wholegrain Rye or Refined Wheat Foods on Circulating Incretins, Ghrelin, Glucose, and Inflammatory Markers.

Background: High intake of whole grains has consistently been associated with reduced risk of obesity, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes. Dietary interventions have shown beneficial metabolic effects of whole grains, but the metabolic response varies with different types of cereals.

Objectives: We evaluate the metabolic effects of substituting refined wheat with wholegrain rye foods within a complex diet, examining the day-long postprandial response of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, glucose, and inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with overweight and obesity.

Effects of a Phytoestrogen Intervention and Estrogen Receptor β Genotype on Prostate Cancer Proliferation and PSA Concentrations-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

A phytoestrogen-rich diet has been suggested to reduce tumor proliferation among men with prostate cancer, and the effect may differ between men with different polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor-beta gene (ERβ). Patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer scheduled for radical prostatectomy were randomized to an intervention group ( = 71) provided with soybeans and flaxseeds (∼200 mg phytoestrogens/day) to eat until surgery (approximately 6 wk) or to a control group ( = 69). Tumor proliferation was assessed using Ki-67 indexes, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations were analyzed in blood, and ERβ polymorphism was genotyped in all subjects.