Dose proportionality of bisoprolol enantiomers in humans after oral administration of the racemate.

Dose proportionality of racemic bisoprolol and the stereoselectivity of its enantiomers were studied after single oral dosing of 5 to 40 mg of bisoprolol hemifumarate in eight healthy male volunteers in an open-label, randomized, four-way cross-over trial. There were dose-proportional increases in mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) values for the racemate and the individual enantiomers. No statistically significant differences were detected between the mean half life (t 1/2), Cmax, and time to reach Cmax (tmax) of the R- and S-isomers at each of the four dose levels studied.

Pharmacokinetics of cefixime in the young and elderly.

The pharmacokinetics of cefixime were compared in 12 young and 12 elderly subjects receiving 400 mg once-a-day for five days. Mean peak serum concentrations (Cmax) on days one and five in the elderly (4.90 and 5.

Relationship between the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of nilvadipine in the dog.

The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of nilvadipine and, using a chronic dog model, determine whether there was a correlation between plasma concentrations of the drug and hemodynamic effects. Nilvadipine was given to four dogs as single intravenous (iv) and oral doses. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated after each dose using model-independent methods.

Effect of food on hepatic blood flow: implications in the "food effect" phenomenon.

It has been suggested that alteration in the apparent oral bioavailability of propranolol taken with food may be due to a transient increase in QH. To investigate this hypothesis more closely, the time course of effect of a high-protein meal on QH was examined with the model compound ICG. Forty minutes postprandial, the mean increase in estimated QH was 69% above the control.

Theophylline clearance in obese patients in relation to smoking and congestive heart failure.

The effect of obesity on the total body clearance (Cltot) of theophylline was evaluated in nonsmokers and smokers with and without congestive heart failure (CHF). The obese patients were compared with similar nonobese subjects with regard to age, sex, and disease state. The total patient population numbered 150 adults.