Treatment of Gastric Cancer Carcinomatosis.

Patients with gastric cancer peritoneal metastases (GCPM) have Stage IV disease. Systemic therapy is a crucial aspect of their care. Patients with GCPM should have their tumors tested for HER2 and PD-L1 expression and microsatellite instability for potential targeted therapies.

Identification and Management of Bile Duct Injuries.

Injury to the biliary system can be a major problem leading to significant morbidity for the patient. This most commonly occurs due to iatrogenic causes and identification as early as possible is critical to maximizing the patient outcome. The timing of identification will dictate the optimal time for repair, and this should be undertaken at a facility with hepatobiliary surgery expertise as well as advanced gastroenterology and interventional radiology services.

Social Determinants of Health, Quality of Public Health Data, and Health Equity in the United States.

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the impact social determinants of health (SDOH) can have on health equity in the United States. In this essay, we provide a framework for considering the upstream structural factors that affect the distribution of SDOH as well as the downstream consequences for individuals and groups. Improving health equity in the United States will require multiple policy streams, each requiring comprehensive data for policy development, implementation, and evaluation.