Citizen science reveals litter trends in the UK: Population density effects on coastal and inland regions.

There is limited understanding of how litter abundance, particularly plastic items, varies between coastal and inland regions with different population densities. The absence of standardised data collection methods further complicates comparisons. Moreover, the lack of data for inland areas hampers efforts to identify potential litter sources, pathways, and interventions.

Vacuoles, E1 Enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, and Somatic (VEXAS) Syndrome: A Case Report.

VEXAS is an acronym that stands for the technical terms of key descriptors of the condition: vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, and somatic (VEXAS) syndrome, which is a recently identified autoinflammatory disorder primarily affecting men older than 50 years of age. It is commonly associated with a somatic mutation in the X-linked ubiquitin-activating enzyme-encoding  gene. This condition manifests in a range of hematologic and systemic inflammatory symptoms, such as cytopenias, recurrent fevers, and an elevated risk for hematologic malignancies like myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Direct neutrophil and T cell contact with macrophages induces release of phagosomally processed PAMPs via eructophagy.

Macrophages play a pivotal role in clearing debris and microbes from the microenvironment via phagocytosis and orchestrating local inflammation. While mostly understood to be through the synthesis and secretion of soluble mediators such as cytokines and eicosanoids, it has been recently proposed that macrophages can release previously phagocytosed and processed PAMPs and DAMPs into the local microenvironment via a process termed eructophagy, and that these, in turn, can activate recently vicinal leukocytes. Additionally, it has been commonly observed that local macrophages physically interact with other leukocytes, such as neutrophils and T cells, recruited to sites of inflammation.

Living in a food desert in Louisiana and its effects on gynecologic cancer outcomes.

Objective: Food insecurity is becoming recognized as an important measure of public health. Louisiana has a poorer health index and a higher food insecurity rate than the national average. This study aims to investigate how living in a food desert affects the stage at diagnosis and 5-year overall survival in patients with gynecologic cancers.

The pore-forming apolipoprotein APOL7C drives phagosomal rupture and antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells.

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) generate protective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against extracellular pathogens and tumors. This is achieved through a process known as cross-presentation (XP), and, despite its biological importance, the mechanism(s) driving XP remains unclear. Here, we show that a cDC-specific pore-forming protein called apolipoprotein L 7C (APOL7C) is up-regulated in response to innate immune stimuli and is recruited to phagosomes.