Nirsevimab Effectiveness Against Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Illness and Hospitalization Among Alaska Native Children - Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Region, Alaska, October 2023-June 2024.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization among young children. Historically, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children have experienced high rates of RSV-associated hospitalization. In August 2023, a preventive monoclonal antibody (nirsevimab) was recommended for all infants aged <8 months (born during or entering their first RSV season) and for children aged 8-19 months (entering their second RSV season) who have increased risk for severe RSV illness, including all AI/AN children.

The intestinal microbiome, but not clinical aspects of inflammatory bowel disease, is impacted by lactose malabsorption compared to lactose digestion in children.

Background: Dietary exclusion of lactose from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) persists with speculation that deleterious effects are mediated through intestinal microbes.

Objectives: To compare IBD characteristics and changes in the intestinal microbiome (IM) at diagnosis in children with and without lactose malabsorption (LM).

Methods: A cross-sectional cohort of children (8-17 y of age) diagnosed with Crohn's disease [n = 149 (63%)] or ulcerative colitis (n = 86) that had undergone lactose breath hydrogen testing was evaluated.

Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine Immunogenicity in American Indian/Alaska Native Infants.

Objectives: American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) infants historically experienced a disproportionate burden of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, especially early in life. PedvaxHIB vaccine is preferentially recommended for AI/AN infants because it elicits protective antibody levels postdose 1. Vaxelis, a hexavalent vaccine that contains the same Hib conjugate as PedvaxHIB but at lower concentration, is recommended for US children, but postdose 1 Hib immunogenicity data are needed to inform whether a preferential recommendation should be made for AI/AN infants.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in the general population of Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A recent call-to-action highlighted that Australia is lagging behind high-income countries regarding hypertension control rates. We performed a systematic literature search of reports on prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates since 2010. We also undertook an individual participant data meta-analysis of six population-based studies in the general population from 1980 to 2018 to understand the size of the problem and trajectories over time.