Urinary Acetaminophen Metabolites and Clinical Outcomes in Extremely Premature Infants.

Objective: Extremely premature infants are treated with acetaminophen (APAP) for pain and patent ductus arteriosus. High doses of APAP in adults are toxic, and a recent study found an association between APAP metabolite levels in mothers' breast milk and both bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in their premature infants. In this study, we determined levels of APAP metabolites in urine of infants at high risk for BPD and ROP.

Impact and cost-effectiveness of scaling up HCV testing and treatment strategies for achieving HCV elimination among people who inject drugs in England: a mathematical modelling study.

Background: England aims to reach the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination target of decreasing HCV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID) to <2 per 100 person-years (/100pyrs) by 2030. We assessed what testing and treatment strategies will achieve this target and whether they are cost-effective.

Methods: A dynamic deterministic HCV transmission model among PWID was developed for four England regions, utilising data on the scale-up of HCV treatment among PWID in prisons, drug treatment centres (DTC, where opioid agonist therapy is provided), and any other setting (e.

Control of precision grip in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure.

Background: Fine motor skill deficits have been reported for children with histories of prenatal alcohol exposure, but little is known whether impaired motor skill extends to the regulation of precision grip control.

Methods: Children with (n = 15) and without (n = 17) histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure used their dominant hand to grasp, lift, and hold in space a small-instrumented object with a mass of 19 g. Object mass was also experimentally increased by separately adding two aluminum cubes with mass of 200 and 400 g.

Characterization of Human CD8αβ Interaction With Classical and Unconventional MHC Molecules.

The CD8 co-receptor exists as both an αα homodimer, expressed on subsets of specialized lymphoid cells, and as an αβ heterodimer, which is the canonical co-receptor on cytotoxic T-cells, tuning TCR thymic selection and antigen-reactivity in the periphery. However, the biophysical parameters governing human CD8αβ interactions with classical MHC class I (MHCI) and unconventional MHC-like molecules have not been determined. Using hetero-dimerized Fc-fusions to generate soluble human CD8αβ, we demonstrate similar weak binding affinity to multiple different MHCI alleles compared with CD8αα.